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Gera Local Workforce Profile (GLWP) — Census 2021
Which areas have the strongest mix of high-skill workers, sustainable commutes, and owner-occupiers? The Gera Local Workforce Profile answers that with one number per local authority, computed transparently from real ONS Census 2021 occupation, travel-to-work and tenure data.
Which UK local authority has the strongest local workforce profile in 2021?
The Gera Local Workforce Profile (GLWP) ranks 309 England local authorities on occupation mix, commute sustainability, and home-ownership using ONS Census 2021. City of London scores highest at GLWP 142.6 (England = 100) with 83.8% high-skill workers and 36.5% owner-occupied homes. Boston is lowest at GLWP 68.5.
Gera Local Workforce Profile
Area-by-area England workforce profile, England = 100. Top: City of London (142.6). Lowest: Boston (68.5).
How this is calculated46.5%
High-skill workers (England)
31.5%
Work from home (England)
61.3%
Owner-occupied (England)
44.5%
Drive to work (England)
17.1%
Social rented (England)
20.5%
Private rented (England)
Top 30 local authorities by Gera Local Workforce Profile
| # | Local Authority | GLWP | High-skill % | WFH % | Owner-occ % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | City of London | 142.6 | 83.8% | 67.3% | 36.5% |
| #2 | Richmond upon Thames | 140.0 | 72.8% | 58.8% | 62.4% |
| #3 | Elmbridge | 132.8 | 67.1% | 53.7% | 71.3% |
| #4 | St Albans | 131.9 | 67.1% | 53.0% | 70.9% |
| #5 | Wandsworth | 129.6 | 70.9% | 56.5% | 42.5% |
| #6 | Wokingham | 127.7 | 62.7% | 50.7% | 76.0% |
| #7 | Bromley | 126.7 | 59.8% | 46.6% | 68.5% |
| #8 | Kingston upon Thames | 125.9 | 61.4% | 46.6% | 60.9% |
| #9 | Epsom and Ewell | 125.1 | 59.2% | 44.9% | 74.0% |
| #10 | Cambridge | 124.4 | 65.0% | 45.5% | 44.1% |
| #11 | Waverley | 123.7 | 61.7% | 47.6% | 71.8% |
| #12 | Kensington and Chelsea | 123.7 | 71.9% | 57.6% | 31.7% |
| #13 | Camden | 123.3 | 70.9% | 56.7% | 29.7% |
| #14 | Rushcliffe | 122.9 | 62.1% | 43.3% | 75.7% |
| #15 | Westminster | 121.7 | 70.4% | 55.8% | 27.4% |
| #16 | Windsor and Maidenhead | 121.6 | 62.0% | 47.9% | 66.2% |
| #17 | Mole Valley | 121.5 | 58.7% | 45.8% | 73.2% |
| #18 | Islington | 120.9 | 69.3% | 56.1% | 26.7% |
| #19 | Brentwood | 120.7 | 58.0% | 44.3% | 71.9% |
| #20 | Hart | 120.7 | 59.4% | 44.8% | 75.7% |
| #21 | Guildford | 120.0 | 59.9% | 44.2% | 66.3% |
| #22 | South Cambridgeshire | 119.8 | 60.8% | 43.8% | 68.9% |
| #23 | Hammersmith and Fulham | 119.7 | 67.4% | 52.3% | 32.1% |
| #24 | Tandridge | 119.4 | 56.9% | 43.3% | 74.5% |
| #25 | Brighton and Hove | 118.4 | 57.3% | 42.7% | 51.4% |
| #26 | Reigate and Banstead | 118.4 | 57.1% | 42.0% | 71.1% |
| #27 | Warwick | 118.2 | 60.1% | 44.7% | 65.4% |
| #28 | Lambeth | 117.8 | 63.2% | 50.2% | 33.0% |
| #29 | Winchester | 117.7 | 59.8% | 43.3% | 65.6% |
| #30 | South Oxfordshire | 117.5 | 57.1% | 42.8% | 70.2% |
GLWP = equal-weight average of: (1) high-skill share/national, (2) sustainable-commute share/national, (3) owner-occupied share/national, each normalised to England = 100. Source: ONS Census 2021 (TS063, TS061, TS054), OGL v3.0.
Compare local authorities — GLWP explorer
Filter and sort 309 England local authorities by workforce profile dimensions. England average = 100.
| Local Authority | GLWP | High-skill % | WFH % | Owner-occ % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of London | 142.6 | 83.8% | 67.3% | 36.5% |
| Richmond upon Thames | 140.0 | 72.8% | 58.8% | 62.4% |
| Elmbridge | 132.8 | 67.1% | 53.7% | 71.3% |
| St Albans | 131.9 | 67.1% | 53.0% | 70.9% |
| Wandsworth | 129.6 | 70.9% | 56.5% | 42.5% |
| Wokingham | 127.7 | 62.7% | 50.7% | 76.0% |
| Bromley | 126.7 | 59.8% | 46.6% | 68.5% |
| Kingston upon Thames | 125.9 | 61.4% | 46.6% | 60.9% |
| Epsom and Ewell | 125.1 | 59.2% | 44.9% | 74.0% |
| Cambridge | 124.4 | 65.0% | 45.5% | 44.1% |
| Waverley | 123.7 | 61.7% | 47.6% | 71.8% |
| Kensington and Chelsea | 123.7 | 71.9% | 57.6% | 31.7% |
| Camden | 123.3 | 70.9% | 56.7% | 29.7% |
| Rushcliffe | 122.9 | 62.1% | 43.3% | 75.7% |
| Westminster | 121.7 | 70.4% | 55.8% | 27.4% |
| Windsor and Maidenhead | 121.6 | 62.0% | 47.9% | 66.2% |
| Mole Valley | 121.5 | 58.7% | 45.8% | 73.2% |
| Islington | 120.9 | 69.3% | 56.1% | 26.7% |
| Brentwood | 120.7 | 58.0% | 44.3% | 71.9% |
| Hart | 120.7 | 59.4% | 44.8% | 75.7% |
| Guildford | 120.0 | 59.9% | 44.2% | 66.3% |
| South Cambridgeshire | 119.8 | 60.8% | 43.8% | 68.9% |
| Hammersmith and Fulham | 119.7 | 67.4% | 52.3% | 32.1% |
| Tandridge | 119.4 | 56.9% | 43.3% | 74.5% |
| Brighton and Hove | 118.4 | 57.3% | 42.7% | 51.4% |
| Reigate and Banstead | 118.4 | 57.1% | 42.0% | 71.1% |
| Warwick | 118.2 | 60.1% | 44.7% | 65.4% |
| Lambeth | 117.8 | 63.2% | 50.2% | 33.0% |
| Winchester | 117.7 | 59.8% | 43.3% | 65.6% |
| South Oxfordshire | 117.5 | 57.1% | 42.8% | 70.2% |
| Mid Sussex | 117.1 | 55.8% | 40.9% | 72.6% |
| Woking | 117.0 | 56.6% | 44.7% | 66.4% |
| Sevenoaks | 116.5 | 55.4% | 42.2% | 71.5% |
| Oxford | 116.5 | 57.6% | 38.8% | 45.3% |
| Merton | 116.5 | 56.6% | 43.2% | 55.6% |
| Surrey Heath | 116.4 | 57.0% | 40.8% | 74.0% |
| Hackney | 116.2 | 64.3% | 49.8% | 24.6% |
| Southwark | 116.1 | 61.7% | 48.4% | 28.9% |
| Trafford | 115.8 | 58.4% | 40.7% | 69.0% |
| Lewisham | 115.8 | 57.3% | 44.9% | 41.9% |
| Vale of White Horse | 115.7 | 56.9% | 41.3% | 68.2% |
| East Hertfordshire | 115.7 | 56.3% | 40.9% | 69.3% |
| Three Rivers | 115.5 | 58.3% | 41.8% | 70.9% |
| Tunbridge Wells | 115.4 | 56.3% | 42.3% | 65.1% |
| North Hertfordshire | 114.8 | 57.0% | 42.7% | 64.8% |
| Horsham | 113.9 | 54.6% | 40.8% | 72.3% |
| Buckinghamshire | 113.7 | 56.0% | 41.1% | 70.0% |
| Chelmsford | 112.8 | 52.7% | 38.4% | 70.0% |
| Bath and North East Somerset | 112.2 | 52.7% | 38.5% | 65.3% |
| York | 112.1 | 49.6% | 35.5% | 65.1% |
Showing top 50 — use the filter to narrow results.
Gera Local Workforce Profile — FAQ
- What is the Gera Local Workforce Profile (GLWP)?
- The GLWP is a composite index (England = 100) that combines three equally-weighted sub-indices for each England local authority: (1) occupation mix — the share of managers, professionals and associate professionals vs the England average; (2) commute sustainability — the share working from home, cycling, walking, or using train or bus; and (3) home ownership — the share of owner-occupied households. A score above 100 means the area is above the England average across those three dimensions; below 100 means below average. Source: ONS Census 2021.
- Which local authority has the highest GLWP score?
- City of London has the highest GLWP score of 142.6 (England = 100), driven by a high-skill worker share of 83.8% (England 46.5%) and home-ownership of 36.5% (England 61.3%). Source: ONS Census 2021, computed by GeraJobs.
- Which local authority has the lowest GLWP score?
- Boston has the lowest GLWP score of 68.5 (England = 100), reflecting a high-skill share of 26.6% and owner-occupation of 58.9%. Source: ONS Census 2021.
- What is the England average for high-skill workers?
- In the 2021 Census, 46.5% of employed residents in England worked in high-skill occupations (managers, directors and senior officials + professional occupations + associate professional and technical occupations). This forms the occupation sub-index baseline (GLWP = 100) for the Gera Local Workforce Profile.
- What does "sustainable commute" mean in the GLWP?
- For the GLWP commute sustainability sub-index, "sustainable" means travel to work by: working mainly from home, bicycle, on foot, train, or bus/minibus/coach. In England (Census 2021), 47.5% of employed residents used one of these modes. Areas above this average score above 100 on the travel sub-index.
- How often is the GLWP updated?
- The GLWP is computed from the ONS Census 2021, which is conducted every 10 years. The next scheduled update is Census 2031. Between Census rounds, sub-annual labour-market indicators (employment rates, ASHE pay) are available on the Gera Employment Index and Gera Pay Index pages, which update monthly and annually.
How the Gera Local Workforce Profile is calculated
Three equally-weighted sub-indices, each with England = 100:
- Occupation mix index — combined share of managers, directors and senior officials (SOC major group 1) + professional occupations (group 2) + associate professional and technical occupations (group 3), divided by the England average of 46.5%, then × 100.
- Commute sustainability index — share of employed residents using: work mainly from home + bicycle + on foot + train + bus/minibus/coach, divided by the England average of 47.5%, then × 100.
- Ownership index — share of owner-occupied households (outright + mortgaged), divided by the England average of 61.3%, then × 100.
GLWP = (occ_idx + travel_idx + own_idx) ÷ 3. England = 100 by construction. Source: ONS Census 2021, Nomis bulk download, tables TS063 (occupation), TS061 (method of travel to work), TS054 (tenure). OGL v3.0. Full methodology page.
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Source: Office for National Statistics, Census 2021, England. Tables TS063 (Occupation), TS061 (Method of travel to workplace), TS054 (Tenure of household), downloaded from Nomis bulk data (nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021_bulk). Census reference date: 21 March 2021. Published: 28 June 2022. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 (OGL v3.0). The Gera Local Workforce Profile is computed by GeraJobs; no figure is modelled or estimated.